AP Biology notes

• 1,25 picograms per second 
• the rate after 100 seconds is 0 picograms per second 
• because the substrate has ran out 
• the reaction would keep going till the enzyme ran out  
• the enzyme would not be able to catalyzing
• the reaction would end faster 
• D since they have the same number of electrons, isotopes of the same element are chemically identical. Only some of the isotopes of carbon (such as C-14) are radioactive. Isotopes vary only in the number of neutrons 
• B. Water molecules have strong attraction for each other because they are polar and because of strong hydrogen bonding between molecules 
• The pH of blood remains very close to 7.4 at all times and is maintained by the bicarbonate buffering system. This is an example of how an organism maintains homeostasis or internal solubility 
• Molecule called chaperone proteins or chaperonins assist in the proper folding of other proteins 
• Glycogen is a polysaccharide that stores sugars in the liver and skeletal muscle. Glucose is not stored: it is produced and used up constantly. Glycerol and fatty acids make up lipids. Glucagon is a hormone that is responsible for breaking down glycogen into glucose. Glycine is the simplest amino acid
• Hydrogen bonding is actually an intermolecular attraction between two molecules, not a covelant bond within one molecule. Choice B describes a covelant bond within a molecule. The bond between Na+ and Cl- is ionic. A peptide bond exists between the amino acid and the carboxyl group of an adjacent amino acid 
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