Macroevolustion is the origin of new taxonomic groups
What is speciation ?
speciation is the key process of macroevolution because any genus, family or taxon originates with a near species that is novel enough to be in the inagural member of the higher taxon
What is anagenesis?
anagenesis is the accumulation of changes associated with the transformation of one species into another.
what is cladogenesis?
cladogenesis is the budding of one or more new species from parent species that continues to exist
What are species?
species is the latin word meaning " kind" or "apperance"
what is the biological species concept?
The biological species concept defines a species as a dopulation or group of populations whos members have the potential to interbreed with one another in nature who can't produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other species
What is reproductive isolation?
Reproductive isolation prevents populations belonging to different species form interbreeding, even if their ranges overlap
what are prezygotic barriers
prezoygotic barriers impede mating between species or hinder the fertilization of ova if members of different species attempt to mate
what is temporal isolation?
Temporal isolation is when 2 species breed at different times.
What us gamete recognition based on?
Gamete recognition may be based on the presence of specific molecules on the coats around the egg
What are postzygotic barriers
postzygotic barriers usually prevent the hybrid zygote from developing into a variable, fertile adult
What is one cause of reduced hybrid fertile barrier?
one cause of this barrier is a faliure of meiosis to produce normal gametes in the hybrid if chromosomes of the two parent species differ in the number or structure
HOw do bioligists assign asexual organisms?
bioligists assign asexual organisms to species based mainly on structural and biochemical characteristics
What is the ecological species concept?
The ecological species concept defines a species in terms of its ecological niche.
What is the pluralistic species concept?
The morphological species concept states that the factors that are most important for the cohesion of individuals of a species varies
What is the morphological species concept?
The morphological species concept charicterizes each species in terms of a unique set of structural features
What is the genalogical species concept?
The genological species concept defines a species as a set of organisms with a unique genetic history that is, as one tip on the branching tree of life
what is allopatric speciation?
Allopatric speciation is speciation that takes place in populations withe geographically seperate ranges mpatric speciation
what is sympatric speciation ?
sympatric speciation is speciation that takes place in geographically overlaping populations
what factors reduce gene flow in sympatric speciation ?
The biological factors that reduce gene flow are chromosomal changes and nonrandom mating
what is adaptive radiation ?
Adaptive radiation is an evolution of many diversey adapted species from a common ancestor
How could adaptation to a certain diet affect mate choice?
One hypothesis is based on pleiotropy, where one allele has multiple effects on phenotype- in this case affecting both nutrient digestion and mate choice
What is autopolypoid?
An autopolypoid is an individual that has more than two chromosome sets, all derived from a single species
What is an allopolyploid
An allopolyploid refers to the contribution of to diefferent species to a polypoid hybrid.
Where is one of Earth's hotspots of animal speciation?
One of Earth's hotspots of animal speciation is Lake Victoria in East africa
What is punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equillibrium is incorporated ideas about the tempo of speciation in their explanation of what we see in the fossil record
what are exparations
Exparations are structures that evolve in one context but become co-opted for another function
What is paedomorphosis?
Padeomorphosis is the sexually mature stage of a species that may retain body features that were juevinille structures in an ancestred species
What do homeotic genes determine?
Homeotic genes determine such basic features as where a pair of legs will develop
What is species selection?
Species selection is analagous to the production of a trend within a population by natural selection
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